By far, the most commonly used self-report measure format is the single-stimulus format, more commonly known as the Likert-type or rating format. The popularity of self-report stems not only from its potential benefits over alternatives, such as practicality and cost, but also from an implicit expectation that respondents will tend to respond diligently when answering questions about themselves (Paulhus & Vazire, 2007). Self-report is a commonly used method for measuring non-cognitive constructs (e.g., personality, attitudes, interests) across a variety of research and applied settings.
#Goran pavlov code
R code for computing the proposed agreement indices on a set of desirability ratings is provided, as are recommendations for applied researchers. Using an empirical example, we show that relying on the mean difference index may lead to suboptimal forced-choice item-block assembly by matching items with a relatively poor inter-item agreement with respect to desirability.
![goran pavlov goran pavlov](http://diwi.mk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/TP-270x260.jpg)
To circumvent this issue, we propose indexing similarity between items in terms of desirability with several robust measures of absolute agreement (i.e., inter-item agreement indices). This index relies on the assumption that items have one true desirability value, as efficiently and unbiasedly estimated by their respective means, and may fail if this assumption does not hold. The gold standard in quantifying similarity between items in terms of desirability has been the “mean difference index”, that is, the absolute difference between items' mean desirability ratings.
![goran pavlov goran pavlov](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/eb/ed/2d/ebed2da3b78436bfc152a3defe0bc39d--mark--punisher.jpg)
![goran pavlov goran pavlov](https://ravnododna.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/kike_1fff.jpg)
The ability of the method to eliminate SDR stems from matching items that are perceived as equally desirable into forced-choice item-blocks. The forced-choice method has been proposed as a viable strategy to prevent socially desirable responding (SDR) on self-report non-cognitive measures.